[特征]
- The cause of the fire was carelessness.
起火的原因是由于疏忽。
- The war caused disasters to the people.
战争给人们带来了灾难。
- His absence caused me much trouble.
他的缺席给我带来了许多麻烦。
[贴心叮咛]
cause是非常重要的单词，要注意它作动词时的用法。
[考点]
①cause作“引起”，“导致”讲时，后面可接不定式作宾语补足语，不可接动词原形、形容词、副词或分词作宾语补足语。
(误)What caused her so sad?
(正)What caused her to be so sad?
什么使她如此难过?
(误)Nothing can cause him change his mind.
(正)Nothing can cause him to change his mind.
什么也不能使他改变主意。
②cause作名词“原因”讲时是可数名词，其后面接介词of;作“理由”讲时，是不可数名词，其后面接介词for。
- The heavy rain was the cause of the flood.
大雨是导致洪水产生的原因。
- You have no cause for complaint.
你没有理由抱怨。
[备考必背] 辨析cause和reason
这两个词都可指“原因，理由”。cause是指造成事实的“原因”，是客观的;reason则指对某种行为的解释，意为“理由”。
certain adj. ①确定的，无疑的 ②某种，一定的
[特征]
- I am certain that you"ll follow me.
我确信你会跟我来。
- For a certain reason she began to cry.
由于某种原因，她开始哭起来。
[贴心叮咛]
certain不仅经常考到，在口语中也经常用到。
[考点]
certain作“肯定的，确信的”讲时，多用作表语，后面可接从句、不定式、of等引导的介词短语。请记住下面的短语和句型：
be certain of/about 对……有把握
- We are certain of victory.
我们胜券在握。
be certain to 一定会
- I"m certain to do well next time.
我下次一定会做得很好。
It is certain that ... 一定会……
- It is certain that two and two makes four.
二加二等于四是确定无疑的。
be not certain whether/what/which ... 不能确定……
- I am not certain whether he will come.
我不能肯定他是否会来。
[备考必背] 派生词
certainly adv. 当然，必定
challenge n. 挑战
[特征]
- I acdepted his challenge to run the race.
我接受了他提出的和我赛跑的挑战。
[贴心叮咛]
challenge是很重要的单词，要注意它的相关词组。
[备考必背] 重要词组
face the challenge 面对挑战 meet the challenge 满足要求;完成任务
changeable adj. 可改变的，易变的
[特征]
- The weather here is changeable.
这儿的天气多变。
[练习与解答]
- Sarah, hurry up. I"m afraid you can"t have time to before the party. [2004 全国]
A. get changed B. get change C. get changing D. get to change
答案 A
(快点，萨拉!我担心你在聚会以前没时间换衣服了。本题考查“系动词+表语”的结构。get changed的意思是“换衣服”，changed是过去分词用作表语，此用法和get dressed及be seated一样。)
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